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- Synthesis of d-LSD maleate or tartrate from lysergic acid with POCl3
-
- Ref:
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- Johnson, Ary, Teiger, Kassel. "Emetic Activity of Reduced Lysergamides."
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 16(5):532-537. 1973.
-
- Related:
-
- Huang, Marona-Lewicka, Pfaff, Nichols. "Drug Discrimination and Receptor
- Binding Studies of N-Isopropyl Lysergamide Derivates." Pharmacology,
- Biochmistry and Behavior. 47(3):667-673, 1994.
-
- Oberlender, Pfaff, Johnson, Huang, Nichols. "Stereoselective LSD-like
- Activity in d-Lysergic Acid Amides of (R)- and (S)-2-Aminobutane."
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 35(2):203-211, 1992.
-
- Hoffman-AJ, Nichols. "Synthesis and LSD-like Descriminative Stimulus
- Properties in a Series of N(6)-alkyl Norlysergic Acid N,N-Diethylamide
- Derivates." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 28:1252-1255, 1985.
-
- NOTE: JMC 35(2):203-211 has some amazing stereoviews of LSD which might
- interest non-chemists who like to cross their eyes...
-
- Under reduced light (or red light) a stirred solution of 3.15g (11 mmol)
- of d-lysergic acid monohydrate and 4.45g (99 mmol) of diethylamine was
- brought to reflux by heating. Heat was removed, and reflux was maintained
- by the addition of 2ml (3.4g, 22mmol) of phosphorous oxychloride (POCl3)
- over a 2 minute period. The mixture was then refluxed for an additional
- 4-5 mins until an amber-colored solution resulted. The solution was
- brought to room temperature and was washed with 200ml of 1M NH4OH. The
- CHCl3 solution was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum
- (not allowing the solution to exceed 40 degrees C). The last traces of the
- solvent were removed at 2-5 mm. The viscious residue was dissolved in a
- minimum amount of MeOH and acidified with a freshly prepared 20% solution of
- maleic acid in MeOH. Crystallization occured spontaneously. The needles
- were filtered, washed with cold MeOH and air-dried. Yield was 66% after
- further purification by column chromatography over alumina (Brockman) and
- elution with 3:1 benzene-chloroform. The chromatography takes appx 8-9
- hours. Alternatively, it can be crystallized as the (+)-tartrate from
- MeOH. After crystallizing from cold MeOH, it is diluted with ethyl
- acetate, filtered and the the crystals are washed with ethyl acetate.
-
- This procedure also works for primary amines and small dialkyl amines. LSD,
- however, probably remains the most worthwhile product. Other interesting
- amines might be the N-ethyl-N-propyl derivative (LEP) and the morpholide
- (LSM-775). 75ug of the morpholide have been reported to have been as
- effective as 50ug of d-LSD but with 45 min onset (vs 1 hour) and a 1 hour
- peak (vs 4 hours). The procedure would probably work well for LEP, but yields
- would be reduced for the morpholide. Other N(20)-alkyl-lysergic acid
- derivatives tend to be more than 10 times less potent than LSD if not
- effectively inactive. N(6)-ethyl- (and -allyl- and -propyl-) derivates of
- LSD may be more active than LSD itself, but synthetic routes to these
- chemicals presently start with LSD and yields would probably inhibit their
- appearance on the illicit market. (N(6) is the other nitrogen on the
- ring structure in addition to the N(1) pyrrole/indole nitrogen). Derivatives
- of LSD (besides LSA/LA-111 and lysergic acid) are not scheduled, but would
- be prosecutable under the designer drugs act after testimony from a DEA
- agent that _in their opinion_ the defendant was planning to distribute them.
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